理解美元加息，首先要清楚，这个息是什么？在美国，美联储也会要求所有具有吸存功能的金融机构在美联储都要拥有各自的储备金账户，这个账户是为了应付挤兑的，说白了就是防范流动性风险。美联储体系，通常称为美联储或简称为“美联储”，是美国的中央银行。
美联储是什么性质？
首先我们看一下美联储官网的自我介绍：The Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, provides the nation with a safe, flexible, and stable monetary and financial system.翻译一下：美联储，即美国中央银行，为国家提供一个安全、灵活、稳定的货币及金融系统。
这段话给了我们两个信息：美联储是美国的中央银行；美联储控制着美国的货币及金融系统。再来看一下美联储给自己确定的目标及功能：Overview of the Federal Reserve System: The Federal Reserve performs five key functions in the public interest to promote the health of the U.S. economy and the stability of the U.S. financial system.The Three Key System Entities: The Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve Banks, and the Federal Open Market Committee work together to promote the health of the U.S. economy and the stability of the U.S. financial system.Conducting Monetary Policy: The Federal Open Market Committee sets U.S. monetary policy in accordance with its mandate from Congress: to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates in the U.S. economy.Promoting Financial System Stability: The Federal Reserve monitors financial system risks and engages at home and abroad to help ensure the system supports a healthy economy for U.S. households, communities, and businesses.Supervising and Regulating Financial Institutions and Activities: The Federal Reserve promotes the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions and monitors their impact on the financial system as a whole.Fostering Payment and Settlement System Safety and Efficiency: The Federal Reserve works to promote a safe, efficient, and accessible system for U.S. dollar transactions.Promoting Consumer Protection and Community Development: The Federal Reserve advances supervision, community reinvestment, and research to increase understanding of the impacts of financial services policies and practices on consumers and communities.简单翻译一下就是：促进美国经济的健康和美国金融体系的稳定。
三个关键实体：理事会，联邦储备银行和联邦公开市场委员会。根据国会的授权制定美国货币政策：促进就业，稳定价格和制定长期利率。监控国内外金融系统风险。促进金融机构的安全性和稳健性，并监督其对整个金融体系的影响。为美元交易推广一个安全，高效且易于获取的系统。推进监管，再投资和研究。从以上几点我们可以提炼出几条关键的信息：1.美联储对国会负责，而非对美国总统负责，以保证美联储的独立性。
